Watch the full episode and view show notes here: https://bit.ly/3uOwTaU Become a member to receive exclusive content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Richard Miller is a professor of pathology and the Director of the Center for Aging Research at the University of Michigan, as wells as a previous guest on The Drive. In this episode, Rich provides an update on the exciting work of the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), an initiative designed to assess potential life-extending interventions in mice. Rich covers the notable successes like rapamycin, 17⍺-estradiol, and acarbose as well as notable failures like nicotinamide riboside, metformin, and resveratrol, providing valuable lessons about the intricacies of the aging process. Rich delves deep into aging biomarkers and aging rate indicators, unraveling crucial insights into the science of geroprotective molecules. Additionally, Rich discusses some surprising successes of recent molecules tested by the ITP and concludes with an optimistic look at future frontiers, including bridging the gap from mice to humans. We discuss: 0:00:00 - Intro 0:00:50 - An overview of the Interventions Testing Program (ITP) 0:08:51 - How the mice used by the ITP are superior for research relative to mouse models used in most research 0:17:11 - Design of ITP studies, outcomes tested, and metrics of interest 0:29:00 - The process and challenges of drug formulation for mice 0:36:11 - Four drugs identified by the ITP that extends the lifespan of mice 0:43:32 - The success of rapamycin and what it tells us about the biology of aging 0:51:49 - Other measures of healthspan evaluated by the ITP in stage 2 studies 0:59:18 - Distinguishing aging rate indicators from biomarkers of aging 1:01:16 - Aging rate indicators identified through the examination of slow-aging mice 1:15:36 - Why proteomics are essential to understand changes in the cell 1:25:30 - Unraveling aging rate indicators: dose-effect, duration, and future frontiers 1:31:54 - A closer look at aging rate indicators: bridging the gap from mice to humans 1:44:32 - What do laboratory mice die from? 1:48:09 - Distinguishing between a drug that improves an age-sensitive outcome and a drug that improves all aspects of aging 1:48:48 - The ITP study of 17⍺-estradiol: mechanisms of life extension and surprising sex differences 1:58:34 - Unsuccessful drugs studied by the ITP: resveratrol, metformin, and nicotinamide riboside 2:09:13 - Over-the-counter successes in the ITP: meclizine and astaxanthin 2:16:00 - A senolytic drug, fisetin, fails to extend lifespan 2:22:30 - Optimism about future findings -------- About: The Peter Attia Drive is a deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing longevity, and all that goes into that from physical to cognitive to emotional health. With over 70 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including exercise, nutritional biochemistry, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, and much more. Peter Attia is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of lengthening their lifespan and simultaneously improving their healthspan. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGoogle Disclaimer: This podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing, or other professional healthcare services, including the giving of medical advice. No doctor-patient relationship is formed. The use of this information and the materials linked to this podcast is at the user's own risk. The content on this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they have, and they should seek the assistance of their healthcare professionals for any such conditions. I take conflicts of interest very seriously. For all of my disclosures and the companies I invest in or advise, please visit my website where I keep an up-to-date and active list of such companies. For a full list of our registered and unregistered trademarks, trade names, and service marks, please review our Terms of Use: https://peterattiamd.com/terms-of-use/