Can MDMA make you a better person? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly learn about the neuroscience of empathy, psychopathy, and MDMA in the brain with neuroscientist Ben Rein, PhD. What is the scientific definition of empathy? Learn about empathogens like MDMA and how they work on neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Why are MDMA and Meth so close chemically yet so different? Discover empathy as a spectrum and individuals' salience for others' emotions. Can you change how empathetic you are? Can MDMA increase empathy enough to overcome an individual’s racism? What does it mean to have high EQ? We talk about how neuroscientists talk about empathy and the two types of empathy: cognitive and emotional. Can psychopathy be impacted by MDMA? We discuss how issues and use of drugs in the empathy system could affect free will. What is the adaptive function of empathy? Is social media desensitizing us to violence? We explore how our empathy systems get impacted by social media and the news. Can the empathy system be shut down? Is there a way to increase our capacity for empathy? Plus, we discuss the moral implications of increasing someone’s empathy through medication. Thanks to our Patrons Jason Hostens, John Lewis, Maria Dorman, Alejandro Reynoso, Radiel Cardentey, Amir Littman, Allan Rayer, Whitney, Tom Stidham, and Christopher Becks for supporting us this week. Check out our second channel, @StarTalkPlus Get the NEW StarTalk book, 'To Infinity and Beyond: A Journey of Cosmic Discovery' on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3PL0NFn Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/startalkradio FOLLOW or SUBSCRIBE to StarTalk: Twitter: http://twitter.com/startalkradio Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/StarTalk Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/startalk About StarTalk: Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up! #StarTalk #neildegrassetyson 00:00 - Introduction: MDMA 5:45 - MDMA v. Meth 8:50 - Empathy As a Spectrum 13:44 - Can MDMA Cure Racism? 18:34 - What is Empathy? 22:25 - Empathy & Free Will 24:30 - Different Types of Empathy 27:48 - MDMA Treating PTSD 30:44 - Can Social Media Impact Empathy? 36:45 - Desensitization 42:00 - Psychopathy & Ethics in Empathy